As security is a bigger concern for homes, businesses, and institutions, access control systems are now important. No matter where you are, understanding access control is important for safety. This applies to front offices, warehouses, and multi-tenant buildings. Knowing the basics is the first step to creating safer spaces. In this guide, we’ll walk you through what access control systems are, how they work, their key components, and how to choose the right one for your needs.

What defines an access control system?

An access control system is a security solution. It controls who can enter or leave a building, room, or secure area. These systems are different from traditional locks and keys. They use electronic methods like keypads, access cards, or fingerprint readers to allow or block access.

Access control systems are commonly used in:

  • - Office buildings
  • - Warehouses
  • - Schools and campuses
  • - Apartment complexes
  • - Homes and garages

 

They offer more than just security. They track who enters, provide remote access, and lower the risks of lost keys or unauthorized copies.

Key Components of Access Control Systems

To understand how access control works, it’s helpful to know its main components. Here are the most important elements:

Access Control Panels

The access control panel is the "brain" of the system. It receives signals from readers, checks credentials, and sends commands to door locks.

Credential Readers (Cards, Keypads, Biometrics)

Credential readers are vital components of access control systems. They allow users to present their credentials to gain access. The main types include:

  • - Card Readers: Use RFID cards or fobs to scan and send access requests to the control panel. Common in offices and schools.
  • - Keypads: Allow users to input a numeric code on a keypad to unlock the door.
  • - Biometric Readers: Scan unique features like fingerprints or faces. They’re highly secure and best for areas needing strict control.

Some systems also offer multi-tech readers that accept multiple credential formats for added flexibility.

Credentials

These are the “keys” used to access the system. They can be:

  • - PIN codes
  • - RFID cards or fobs
  • - Mobile credentials (via smartphone apps)
  • - Biometric data like fingerprints

Door Hardware

This includes electric locks that physically secure the door. Common types include:

  • - Electric strikes, which replace traditional strike plates and release the lock when triggered.
  • - Magnetic locks, which use an electromagnet and armature plate to hold the door shut.
  • - Electric drop bolts, which are typically installed at the top or bottom of the door frame and provide strong locking for glass doors or double-door configurations.

Types of Access Control Systems

Several models define how access rights are granted and managed within a system. Choosing the right type depends on your organization's structure, level of security required, and how flexible you need user permissions to be.

  1. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

    In this model, the owner of the resource—such as a room or a system—has full control over who can access it. The resource owner assigns permissions at their discretion, making it relatively easy to manage. However, this also makes it more vulnerable to human error and security breaches.

    Best for: Small businesses or environments where flexibility is more important than strict control.

  2. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

    MAC systems rely on a centralized authority to define strict policies that determine access levels. Users cannot change permissions. Each user and resource is assigned a classification level, and access is granted based on these clear-cut rules. Extremely secure but less flexible.

    Best for: Government, military, or high-security environments where data confidentiality is critical.

  3. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

    RBAC assigns permissions based on a user's role within an organization. For example, all HR employees might have access to the same folders or rooms. This model is scalable and easier to manage in large organizations with multiple departments.

    Best for: Businesses with many users or departments where access needs to be managed efficiently.

  4. Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

    ABAC uses a combination of attributes—such as job title, department, location, or time of day—to determine access. It’s the most flexible model and allows for dynamic, context-aware access control.

    Best for: Organizations that require granular control over access policies, often seen in enterprise and cloud-based environments.

How to Select the Right Access Control System

Selecting the ideal access control system involves balancing your security needs, budget, infrastructure, and user experience. Not all systems are created equal—what works for a small office may not be suitable for a multi-building campus.

Below are expanded considerations to help guide your decision:

Know Your Needs

Start by identifying your primary objective:

  • - Are you trying to control access to a single door or an entire facility?
  • - Do you need time-based access rules or audit trails?
  • - Will multiple users or departments require different permissions?

Examples:

Home or small office: A standalone keypad

Retail or warehouse environments: Panels offer control over multiple doors and users.

Wired vs. Wireless

Wired Systems: Provide high reliability and are ideal for permanent installations. They require more effort and cost upfront because of cabling.

Wireless Systems: Easier and quicker to install, ideal for older buildings or temporary setups. However, they may be susceptible to interference if not properly configured.

Compatibility with Existing Infrastructure

Before investing, check:

  • - Door type and frame (metal, glass, wood)
  • - Availability of power near the access point
  • - Network availability for remote or cloud-based management
  • - Whether you’re integrating with alarms or surveillance systems

 

Scalability and Cloud Options

Choose a system that grows with you. Some systems allow you to add more users, readers, or doors later on. Cloud-based platforms also let you manage and monitor access remotely, from a mobile app or web dashboard.

Budget and ROI

While upfront cost matters, also consider long-term savings from:

  • - Reduced need to rekey locks
  • - Lower risk of theft or unauthorized entry
  • - Time saved by automating access control and monitoring
  • - Lower administrative costs with centralized access management
  • - Improved operational efficiency through streamlined employee access
  • - Potential insurance savings due to enhanced security measures

 

Support and Maintenance

Choose systems backed by solid customer support and documentation. Consider whether firmware updates or technical assistance are available. Also evaluate whether the vendor provides warranty and installation guidance.

Taking the time to evaluate these factors will help ensure your access control system is not only effective, but also sustainable and future-ready.

Access Control

A push to exit button is a device used in access control systems to allow authorized exit from a secured area. When pressed, it signals the system to unlock the door, often disengaging an electric strike or magnetic lock. These buttons are crucial for safety, convenience, and code compliance, especially in commercial and institutional buildings.

Unlike a handicap door button or ADA push button that opens doors for accessibility, a push to exit button is specifically designed to release a locked door. You'll find them in offices, retail stores, schools, warehouses, and other facilities where controlled access is essential.

What Is the Push to Exit Button For?

Push to exit buttons serve several key functions:

Allow free egress in areas secured by access control systems
Ensure ADA compliance by providing accessible exit options
Meet fire and building codes that require manual exit options
Provide quick and easy exit during power outages or emergencies

These buttons are often paired with motion sensors or time-delay features for additional safety and flexibility.

Types of Push to Exit Buttons: Choosing the Right Solution

Choosing the right push to exit button depends on your specific needs. Here are the main types:

By Installation Method

By Application

ADA-Compliant/Handicap Buttons

What is an Access Control System?

As security is a bigger concern for homes, businesses, and institutions, access control systems are now important. No matter where you are, understanding access control is important for safety. This applies to front offices, warehouses, and multi-tenant buildings. Knowing the basics is the first step to creating safer spaces. In this guide, we’ll walk you...Continue reading→

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